Water is a substance that sustains all life. Water covers approximately 75% of the earth’s surface. Living things cannot survive without water. The human body is about 70% water.
Water as a solvent
Water is an amazing solvent. It is able to dissolve things. Because of this ability, it is used for many purposes in our homes and in industrial operations. In many cases, water is used for cleaning and food preparation. Water also acts as a base for many foods, beverages, and even medicines.
Water for food
Water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and seas have an abundance of marine. The diet of many people is made up of marine life such as fish, lobsters, crabs and shrimps all of which are great sources of protein.
Water for transport
Water bodies such as rivers, lakes, and seas allow for boats, ships, and ferries to transport goods and people all over the world.
Water for energy
Hydroelectric power is produced by making use of the kinetic force generated by water from waterfalls and dams. The flow of water turns turbine blades which in turn generate electricity.
Water for cooling
Water is very vital to the human body. It helps to regulate body temperature through sweat which is mostly water. Water is also used in motor vehicles as part of the cooling system. Water is an invaluable tool used by firemen to put out fires. Water is used in the food industry as a cooling agent. Water in the form of ice prevents the rapid growth of bacteria and so it is used to prevent food from spoiling.
Water for recreation
Many recreational activities require water. Swimming, water polo, diving, and water parks would not be possible without water.
Water treatment
The water we get in our pipes is basically safe for drinking and other purposes. It does not start out that way however as water collected in reservoirs contain bacteria, sediments, and others debris. This water needs to be processed and treated to make it safe for consumption.
Steps in purifying water
Coagulation:
This involves the use of a coagulant such as alum. It is added to the water and it causes sediments and other small debris to clump together and sink to the bottom of the reservoir.
Sedimentation
This stage of water treatment gives time for the water to settle and all suspended matter to settle to the bottom.
Filtration
The water is filtered by passing it through a layer of sand and gravel.
Chlorination
At this stage, chlorine is added to the water to kill bacteria. This is the final stage of water treatment.
